KKK

Ku Klux Klan (KKK) is the name of several past and present secret domestic militant organization in the United States.
The KKK has intimidated, murder, and oppresses African Americans, Jews and other minorities because their political ideology stands on a white supremacy and nationalism.

In Existence

1st Klan 1865-1870s (created by Confederate Army veterans)
2nd Klan 1915-1944 (created after World War 1 by Americans)
3rd Klan since 1946 (no record)

Members
1st Klan 550, 000
2nd Klan 4,000,000
3rd Klan 6,000





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Native Americans

Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous people from the regions of North America . They comprise a large number of distinct tribes,states and ethnic groups, many of which survive as intact political communities. There has been a large range of terms used to describe them and no agreement has been reached among indigenous members as to what they prefer to be called collectively. Native Americans have also been known as American Indians, Amerindians, Aboriginal, Indians, Indigenous, Original Americans, First Americans, Red Indians, or Red Men.

European colonization of the Americas was a period of conflict. Most of the written historical record about Native Americans began with European contact. The differences between these two cultures were vast enough to make for great misunderstandings and create long-lasting cultural conflicts.

Today

Native Americans today have a special relationship with the United States of America. They can be found as nations, tribes, or bands of Native Americans who have independence from the government of the United States, and whose society and culture still flourish amidst a larger immigrated people. Native Americans who were not already U.S. citizens as granted by other provisions such as with a treaty term were granted citizenship in 1924 by the Congress of the United States.



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Refugee camps

What is a refugee camp?

l      A refugee camp is a temporary camp built to receive refugees of war or natural disasters. Hundreds of thousands or even millions of people may live in any one single camp depending on the type of crisis . Usually they are built and run by a government, the United Nations  or international organizations such as the Red Cross.

 

l      People can stay in these camps receiving emergency food and medicinal help, until it is safe to return to their homes.

 

l      Camps are usually located on the edges of towns or cities in a secure area, away from the border, war zones and landmines

 

Refugee live

l      Refugee shelters are made with local materials like wood, plastic , metal sheets, branches etc. The space per shelter is minimum 3.5 square meters (warm climate) or 4.5-5.5 square meters (cold climate).

l      Some camps have a their own water source such as a lake , a river or a well and the shelters shouldn't be no more than 100 meters from that water point.

l      Food distribution can be done at one location or broken up among several (i.e. dividing a population of 20,000 among four distribution points).

  

Food Rations

l      Here is a example of a daily food rations (gpp = grams per person)

 

àRice, wheat or maize                         àSugar 15 (gpp)

    400 (gpp)

 

àBeans, peas or lentils                        àSalt 5 (gpp)

60 (gpp)

 

àVegetable oil or butter oil
25 (gpp)

 

àFortified blended food (i.e. corn soya blend)
100 (gpp)

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Right to education

The right to education is recognized as a human right and is understood to establish an entitlement to free, compulsory primary education for all children, an obligation to develop secondary education accessible to all children, as well as equitable access to higher education, and a responsibility to provide basic education for individuals who have not completed primary education. In addition to these accesses to education provisions the right to education encompasses also the obligation to eliminate discrimination at all levels of the educational system, to set minimum standards and to improve quality.

Every woman, man, youth and child has the human right to education, training and information, and to other fundamental human rights dependent upon realization of the human right to education. The human right of all persons to education is explicitly set out in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenants, the Convention on the Rights of the Child and other widely adhered to international human rights treaties and Declarations .

The sociology of education is the study of how social institutions and forces affect educational processes and outcomes, and vice versa. By many, education is understood to be a means of overcoming handicaps, achieving greater equality and acquiring wealth and status for all. Education is perceived as a place where children can develop according to their unique needs and potentialities. The purpose of education can be to develop every individual to their full potential.

Education is becoming increasingly international. Not only are the materials becoming more influenced by the rich international environment, but exchanges among students at all levels are also playing an increasingly important role. In Europe, for example, the Erasmus Programme stimulates exchanges across European universities.

done by: Alyssa

Indigenous

Indigenous people can be used to describe any ethnic group of people who inhabit a geographic region with which they have the earliest known historical connection, alongside immigrants which have populated the region and which are greater in number (basically groups of people who have origins from or relations to the people who used to live in that region).








Wherever Indigenous cultural identity is asserted, some particular set of societal issues and concerns may be voiced, or have a particular dimension associated with, their indigenous status. These concerns will often be commonly held or affect other societies also, and are not necessarily experienced uniquely by indigenous groups.

Despite the diversity of Indigenous peoples, it may be noted that they share common problems and issues in dealing with the widespread, or invading, society. They are generally concerned that the cultures of Indigenous peoples are being lost and that indigenous peoples suffer both discrimination and pressure to assimilate into their surrounding societies.

It is also sometimes argued that it is important for the human species as a whole to preserve a wide range of cultural diversity as possible, and that the protection of indigenous cultures is vital to this enterprise.

International Day of the World's Indigenous People

The International Day of the World's Indigenous People is on the 9 August as this was the date of the first meeting in 1982 of the United Nations Working Group of Indigenous Populations of the Sub commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities of the Commission on Human Rights.

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Multiculturalism



The term multiculturalism generally refers to an applied ideology of racial, cultural and ethnic diversity within the demographics of a specified place, usually at the scale of an organization such as a school, business, neighborhood, city or nation.




Some countries have official policies of multiculturalism aimed at recognizing, celebrating and maintaining the different cultures or cultural identities within that society to promote social cohesion. Multiculturalism advocates a society that extends equitable status to distinct cultural and religious groups, with no one culture predominating.



There are many advocates of multiculturalism particularly in academia and the media. The ideology remains controversial and is opposed by those who support particular cultural standards.




Multiculturalism was adopted as official policy, in several Western nations from the 1970s onward, for reasons that varied from country to country; the great cities of the Western world are increasingly made of a so many different types of cultures.


Government multicultural policies may include:

• Recognition of multiple citizenship (the multiple citizenship itself usually results from the nationality laws of another country);

• Government support for newspapers, television, and radio in minority languages
  Support for minority festivals, holidays, and celebrations;

• Acceptance of traditional and religious dress in schools, the military, and society in general
  Support for music and arts from minority cultures ;

• Programs to encourage minority representation in politics, SET (Science, Engineering and Technology), Mathematics, education, and the work force in general;

• Enforcement of different codes of law on members of each ethnic group (e.g. Malaysia enforces Shar'ia law, but only for a particular ethnic group).

done by: Alyssa